Causality and logical fallacieis in old wives' tales and old farmer's Essay

Causality and logical fallacieis in old wives tales and old farmers tales (tales are given) - Essay Exampley arise because of notice some instances where they became square(a), so people shared these stories as facts, and these beliefs are subsequently passed on to others. The flaws in the logical reasoning behind these tales are first, non sequitur because conclusions about these superstitions do not necessarily follow from the premises second, hasty generalization because anecdotal evidence does not support the external validity of superstitions third, confusing cause and force-out because factors that happen together are not always related as cause and effect and fourth, appeal to fear because black cats are related to witchery and demons.The old wives tale about pregnant women shows non sequitur because the effect of having a child who becomes a euphonyian does not always follow from the practice of listening to practice of medicine while pregnant. The exact source of this superstition is not well-documented, although some of these stories are likely to come from European countries that are fond of listening to classical music in the past. These mothers might have been incidentally listening to music while pregnant, so when their children became musicians, they immediately attributed the latters musician skills to their pregnancy habits. Nevertheless, even if it was true for some mothers, it does not follow, which is non sequitur, that every mother who follows the same practice will also have children with musical skills. Believing in this relationship results to another false belief called hasty generalization. Even if some pregnant mothers attest that they listened to music regularly while pregnant, and that this practice provided musical skills to their children, their small sampling cannot be applied to the holy population of mothers who follow the same habit. It will be hasty generalization to assume that the practice of a small group generates effects that are relevant for the whole population. Anecdotal evidence is not enough to prove the external validity of the